# ESSAY: Alpha SBU, 32 Years of Secret War — 649 Russian Air Defence Systems Destroyed

> On 23 June 2026, the Alpha Special Operations Centre of the SBU — Ukraine's Security Service — celebrated its 32nd anniversary. In

- Author: Maxime Marquette
- Publisher: MadMax (https://mad-max.co)
- Section: Essay
- Published: 2026-06-26
- Canonical URL: https://mad-max.co/en/article/essai-alpha-sbu-32-ans-de-guerre-secrete-649-systemes-de-dca-russes-detruits

## Introduction: An Anniversary Counted in Ruins of the Russian Army

### 23 June and the accounting of resistance

On **23 June 2026**, the **Alpha Special Operations Centre of the SBU** — Ukraine's Security Service — celebrated its **32nd anniversary**. In another country, another context, such an anniversary would have been an institutional formality, a troop review, perhaps a medal pinned on a lapel. In **Ukraine**, in 2026, after four years of total war, this date has become a wartime balance sheet of staggering accounting precision.

The figures published by **UNN** on this occasion are those of a total war waged with limited means against a great power's army. **1,896 tanks destroyed**. **3,458 armoured fighting vehicles put out of action**. **649 Russian air defence systems neutralised**. **540 electronic warfare and reconnaissance systems destroyed**. **23,517 Russian drones and robotic ground vehicles destroyed**. These figures do not fall from the sky: they are the product of four years of special operations, human intelligence, sabotage and coordinated strikes.

### Operation "Spider Web": 41 aircraft for 7 billion USD in damages

Among all of **SBU** Alpha's operations, **Operation Spider Web** stands out as the most spectacular in strategic terms. According to the same UNN data, this single operation struck **41 Russian military aircraft**, causing estimated damages of more than **7 billion** USD. For an intelligence agency that does not have an equivalent air force, destroying 41 aircraft without direct aerial combat is an achievement that illustrates the sophistication of Ukrainian operations.

This operation — whose tactical details remain partially classified — likely combined long-range drones, human intelligence infiltrated near Russian airfields, and coordination with Ukrainian electronic warfare capabilities. The result illustrates a truth that this essay seeks to explore: **Ukrainian special operations have changed in nature** over the course of this war, evolving from classical resistance to a sophisticated strategic strike capability.

*Seven billion dollars in damages from a single operation. In the information war between Kyiv and Moscow, this figure has as much value as the strike itself: it says that Ukraine can be more cost-effective in special operations than Russia is in massive missile strikes. This is a profound strategic reversal.*

## Understanding SBU Alpha: A Unit Born in Turmoil

### 32 years of history between Soviet legacy and Ukrainian identity

The **Alpha Special Operations Centre of the SBU** was born in **1994**, at the moment when post-Soviet **Ukraine** was beginning to build its own security institutions from the ruins of the Ukrainian KGB. This hybrid origin — inheriting Soviet structures while reorienting them toward democratic objectives — long defined the internal ambiguities and tensions of the **SBU**. The total war of 2022–2026 put an end to these ambiguities: the **SBU** chose its side with absolute clarity.

This was not a foregone conclusion. In 2022, during the first weeks of the invasion, certain elements of the **SBU** were compromised by Russian infiltration — a problem the agency confronted publicly, with arrests and internal purges. Four years later, the tally of 23,517 Russian drones and vehicles destroyed says that the purge worked and that the unit has recovered its operational coherence.

### From counter-espionage to deep strike

The operational evolution of **SBU** Alpha since 2022 is itself a subject for this essay. At the start of the war, the unit focused primarily on **counter-espionage, securing Ukrainian leaders and neutralising Russian saboteur networks**. Progressively, its capabilities evolved toward increasingly ambitious offensive operations — culminating in **Spider Web** and strikes on installations thousands of kilometres from the front.

This evolution is not trivial: it reflects the transformation of the entire Ukrainian army since 2022, moving from a territorial defence force to an army capable of projecting power deep into enemy territory. **SBU** Alpha is the sharpest point of this transformation. Its 649 air defence systems destroyed are the 649 Russian anti-air eyes and arms that will never again see or intercept a Ukrainian aircraft or drone.

*I often think about what these figures represent in human terms — not merely in material ones. Each air defence system destroyed is a Russian crew neutralised, a defensive position collapsed, a window opened for Ukrainian drones. SBU Alpha's shadow war saves Ukrainian lives daily, even if no one sees how.*

## 649 Air Defence Systems Destroyed: What It Really Means

### The invisible battle for air superiority

The destruction of **649 Russian air defence systems** is one of the least-reported but most strategically significant aspects of the war in **Ukraine**. Air superiority — or its absence — fundamentally determines the outcome of modern conflicts. **Russia** invested massively in its air defence systems (S-300, S-400, **Pantsir**, Tor) to create aerial exclusion bubbles that protect its ground forces and rear installations.

Each Russian air defence system neutralised is an **aerial exclusion bubble that disappears**. This is not merely a tactical victory: it is a measurable reduction in Russia's ability to protect its ground troops, its logistics convoys and its military installations against airstrikes and drones. Accumulated over four years, the 649 systems represent a significant structural degradation of Russia's air defence posture.

### Complementarity with the long-range strike campaign

The destruction of Russian air defence systems by **SBU** Alpha is intrinsically linked to the Ukrainian long-range strike campaign. The **Ukrainian drones striking factories in Voronezh, Orenburg or Dubna** are able to reach them in part because the Russian air defence systems in those areas have been progressively degraded. This is a remarkable operational coordination: **SBU** Alpha prepares the ground for deep strikes by blinding and disarming Russian defences.

This operational synergy also explains why **Russia** struggles to respond effectively to Ukrainian strikes on its own territory. Russian air defence, solicited across its entire immense territory, dispersed, and progressively degraded by four years of Ukrainian special operations, can no longer guarantee reliable protection even of the most strategic installations. That is the result of 649 destructions, one by one, methodically.

*There is a relentless mathematical logic to these 649 air defence systems destroyed. Each S-400 downed is a hole in Putin's shield. Accumulate enough holes and the shield no longer protects anything. SBU Alpha has punctured that shield — not with triumphant announcements, but with patience and precision.*

## 23,517 Russian Drones Destroyed: Robotic Warfare Is Here

### The dronisation of the battlefield and its implications

The figure of **23,517 Russian drones and robotic ground vehicles destroyed** since the start of the war — a statistic drawn from **SBU** Alpha's tally — is a window onto the transformation of the contemporary battlefield. The war in **Ukraine** has become the world's laboratory for **large-scale drone warfare**: thousands of vectors deployed daily, on both sides, for reconnaissance, attack, munition delivery and jamming.

Destroying more than 23,000 Russian drones means neutralising as many eyes and strike vectors as **Russia** had sent against Ukrainian positions. Every drone downed potentially means a Ukrainian tank it did not guide to destruction, an artillery position it did not geolocate, a supply corridor it did not monitor. Drone warfare is a high-intensity war that runs continuously, without pause, without a night's respite.

### The SBU and the FBI: the war of digital networks

On **25 June 2026**, **UNN** reported a joint **SBU-FBI** operation that exposed the hacking of messaging applications belonging to officials in **Ukraine**, the EU and the United States by Russian special services. This revelation illustrates a dimension often underestimated in the war: **the information and digital intelligence war** runs parallel to ground combat, with comparable stakes.

Russian services seek to infiltrate the communications of Ukrainian political and military leaders, their European partners, and American services — to anticipate strategic decisions, sow distrust among allies, and identify the key actors of support for **Ukraine**. The **SBU**-**FBI** cooperation in exposing and neutralising these hacking operations is a little-known but crucial aspect of Ukrainian resistance: it preserves the confidentiality of allied coordination that makes everything else possible.

*The hacking of officials' messaging apps by Russia — it is a war that many do not see because it has no explosions, no images. But leaking the secret of a strategic decision can cost as many lives as losing a battalion in the field. The SBU-FBI cooperation on this digital front is as important as any drone strike.*

## Tracking Collaborators: 8 Arrests for Cheering Putin

### The problem of the internal fifth column

According to **Euromaidan Press** on 23 June 2026, **Ukraine** arrested **8 people accused of cheering Russian strikes from inside the country** and of passing information to Russian services. This arrest illustrates one of the most painful dimensions of the war: the internal fifth column, those Ukrainian citizens who, for ideological, economic or coerced reasons, actively collaborate with the enemy.

The **SBU**, in tracking these collaborators, is waging a difficult internal war that requires a delicate balance between **national security and fundamental rights**. It is easy, in wartime, to slide toward indiscriminate repression in the name of security. **Ukraine**, despite the pressure, has broadly maintained a legal framework for these arrests — a sign of democratic maturity that fundamentally distinguishes **Kyiv** from **Moscow**.

### Human intelligence versus technical intelligence

The **SBU** Alpha tally illustrates sophisticated balancing between **human intelligence (HUMINT) and technical intelligence (SIGINT)**. Major operations like **Spider Web** and the destructions of air defence systems require quality human intelligence — infiltrated sources, agents positioned near targets, contact networks in occupied areas. The digital war exposed with the **FBI** requires high-level SIGINT and cyber capabilities.

The fact that **SBU** Alpha could simultaneously conduct operations in Russian depth, secure allied communications and track internal collaborators — all over four years of total war — says something important about the institutional transformation of Ukrainian security. This agency is no longer the troubled heir of the Ukrainian KGB: it is a modern intelligence organisation, high-performing and rooted in its democratic values.

*I am wary of institutional tributes to intelligence agencies — in any country. But here, the figures speak louder than the speeches: 1,896 tanks, 649 air defence systems, 41 aircraft, 7 billion in damages. This is an objective performance. And in this existential war, the objective performance of SBU Alpha deserves to be recognised without reservation.*

## Spider Web as Doctrine: Lessons for the Armies of Tomorrow

### 41 aircraft without direct aerial combat: a new paradigm

Operation **Spider Web** — 41 Russian aircraft struck, **7 billion** USD in damages — deserves thorough doctrinal analysis. It illustrates what military theorists now call **"deep strike enablement by special operations"**: the capacity of special forces and intelligence to create the conditions for high-value strategic strikes that conventional forces could not achieve alone.

In the case of **Spider Web**, Russian aircraft were presumably struck at their airfields or at close range from take-off, in conditions where Russian air defence was not expecting a strike. This type of operation — exploiting vulnerability windows created by human intelligence — is the answer of asymmetric armies to conventional material superiority. And it delivers results that entire squadrons of fighters might not have achieved.

### The lessons for Western alliances

**Ukraine**'s allies — **NATO**, the United States, **Europe** — are watching the operational tally of **SBU** Alpha attentively. This data feeds in real time into **Western military doctrines** on drone warfare, deep special operations and intelligence-to-strike coordination. **Ukraine** has become, despite itself, the greatest war laboratory of the twenty-first century, and its lessons are being integrated into the training, exercises and doctrines of allied armies.

For the Western intelligence services that support **Ukraine** — in intelligence, training, equipment — the Alpha tally is also the justification for this investment. Every dollar spent on training Ukrainian operators, every technology shared, has had a force multiplier effect measured in 649 air defence systems and in **7 billion** in damages to Russian aviation.

*American and European generals studying SBU Alpha's tally to adapt their own doctrines are doing something intelligent. This war has produced more practical lessons about modern warfare in four years than the preceding twenty. And Ukraine is paying a price for that that nobody else would have wanted to pay in their place.*

## Alpha and Crimea: Special Operations on the Southern Flank

### The Crimea strikes: a carefully calculated campaign

**SBU Alpha**'s operations are not limited to major industrial deep strikes into Russian territory. They also include an **intensive campaign in Crimea**, documented by the **SBU** itself and by **Gwara Media** on **24 June 2026**. **Ukraine** struck **fuel depots**, **port facilities**, **air defence systems** and **communications nodes** on the occupied peninsula. These strikes respond to a doctrine announced by **Zelensky** himself: **Crimea** is an active theatre of war, not a permanent territorial acquisition.

**Crimea** is the main logistics base of the **Black Sea Fleet** and a crucial transit point for Russian supplies to the occupied territories of southern **Ukraine**. Every strike on **Crimea** disrupts this logistics, forces **Russia** to spend additional resources defending the peninsula, and maintains psychological pressure on Russian forces that can never feel safe even far from the front. The Ukrainian strategy is to make **Crimea** too costly to defend — an attrition logic applied to a rear base.

### The port of Kavkaz and the strikes on oil terminals

The strikes on the ports of **Kerch** and **Kavkaz** documented by the **SSU** and **Militarnyi** specifically targeted **oil terminals** and **hydrocarbon storage tanks**. These facilities serve both to supply fuel to Russian forces in **Crimea** and to transit Russian oil toward Mediterranean markets. Their destruction creates **dual pressure**: on Russian military logistics in **Crimea** and on the oil export flows that finance **Moscow**'s war budget.

These strikes on the **Kavkaz** oil terminals are part of the same logic as the campaign against Russian refineries: **Kyiv** has understood that oil is the financial artery of the Russian war, and that attacking this artery — at the refinery, at the export port or on the tanker in the **Mediterranean** — is an economic warfare strategy perfectly consistent with its military objectives. **Ukraine** is fighting on all fronts simultaneously: human, industrial, logistical and financial.

*The SBU strikes Kavkaz, the port that exports the Russian oil that finances the missiles that fall on Kyiv. The causal loop is perfect. Destroying Kavkaz oil terminals directly drains Putin's war chest. This is economic strategy applied to combat, and it is brilliant.**SBU Alpha in 32 years has destroyed more tanks, armoured vehicles and drones than many entire armies in all their history. It is a tally that deserves recognition without reservation. And it says something essential about Ukraine: it has the institutions, the people and the determination to win.*

## International Cooperation in Ukrainian Intelligence

### The SBU-FBI partnership and its geopolitical implications

The joint **SBU-FBI** operation revealed on **25 June 2026** that exposed the hacking of messaging applications by Russian special services is the symbol of an **intelligence cooperation** between **Ukraine** and its Western allies that now extends well beyond the traditional bilateral framework. The **United States**, the **United Kingdom**, **Germany**, **France** and other partners have provided intelligence data, collection technologies and training that have transformed the **SBU** into a world-class agency over four years of total war.

This cooperation has an enormous multiplier effect. The intelligence resources of the **Alliance** combined with the intimate knowledge of terrain, languages, networks and actors that the **SBU** brings, creates a synergy that exceeds what either partner could achieve alone. The tally of **649 air defence systems** destroyed and of operation **Spider Web** is in part the fruit of this cooperation.

### The cyber war: a front as decisive as the terrain

The exposure of Russian hacking of officials' messaging apps in **Ukraine**, the **EU** and the **United States** reveals the scale of the **cyber front** of this war. **Russia** has invested massively in its cyber capabilities — its hacking groups affiliated with Russian military and civilian services are among the most sophisticated in the world. These groups are not merely seeking to spy — they seek to **destabilise**, to **manipulate**, to create distrust among allies and to steal information that can alter strategic decisions.

The **SBU-FBI** cooperation in exposing these operations is a victory on this invisible front. But it is a partial victory: revealing a hacking operation forces the adversary to rebuild its compromised networks, to change its methods. The cyber war never stops — it mutates. And the **SBU**, with its **540 Russian electronic warfare systems** destroyed, has shown it can fight on this front with as much effectiveness as on others.

*The cyber war, the hacking of messaging apps, the SBU-FBI cooperation — this is the part of this war that the general public sees least but that may be just as important as the ground fighting. Who controls intelligence influences the outcome. And on this front, Ukraine with its allies is holding well.*

## Conclusion: 32 Years of History for Ukrainian Freedom

### A tally that goes beyond accounting

The tally of **the 32nd anniversary of SBU Alpha Centre** is far more than a military statistic. It is the portrait of an institution that grew with its country, that assumed its post-Soviet contradictions, that endured Russian infiltrations, that reformed itself, and that, in 2026, stands firm with objective operational results that command respect. The **1,896 tanks, 3,458 armoured vehicles, 649 air defence systems, 540 electronic warfare systems, 23,517 drones** destroyed are the result of **32 years** of existence and four years of total intensity.

But behind these figures are men and women who risked their lives, some of whom lost them, to allow **Ukraine** to resist the largest military aggression in **Europe** since the Second World War. The essay stops here, before this human reality that statistics cannot fully contain.

### What SBU Alpha's anniversary says about Ukraine in 2026

A society capable, in the midst of total war, of **commemorating 32 years of a security institution with verifiable and public data**, is a society that has chosen democratic transparency even in extreme adversity. No authoritarian regime — neither **Putin**'s **Russia**, nor Xi's **China**, nor the mullahs' Iran — publishes its war tallies with this level of detail and accountability. This single fact says more about the difference between **Ukraine** and its enemies than any diplomatic speech.

**By Maxime Marquette, columnist**

## Columnist's transparency note

### Editorial stance

I am not a journalist but a **columnist and analyst**. My expertise lies in observing and analysing the geopolitical, economic and strategic dynamics that shape our world. My work is to take political strategies apart, to understand global economic movements, to put the decisions of international actors in context and to offer analytical perspectives on the changes that are redefining our societies.

I do not claim the cold objectivity of traditional journalism, which stops at reporting facts. **I claim analytical clarity**, rigorous interpretation and a deep understanding of the complex issues that concern us all. My role is to give meaning to the facts, to place them in their historical and strategic context, and to offer a critical reading of events.

### Method and sources

This text keeps the basic distinction between **verified facts and interpretive analysis**. The rule never changes: a factual claim is published only when a verifiable source supports it, and the sources this article actually used are listed under **Sources**, never here.

**Primary source families** used by the publication, when the story has them: official statements from governments and international institutions, public statements by political leaders, reports from intergovernmental organisations, dispatches from recognised international news agencies.

**Secondary source families**: specialised publications, internationally recognised news media, analyses from established research institutions, reports from industry organisations.

When an article cites statistical, economic or geopolitical data, it comes from the institutions that produce it (intergovernmental organisations, central banks, national statistics offices), and the exact institution is named under **Sources**.

### Nature of the analysis

The analyses, interpretations and perspectives in the analytical sections of this article are a **critical, contextual synthesis** based on the information available, the trends observed and the expert comments cited in the sources consulted.

My role is to interpret these facts, to set them in the context of today's geopolitical and economic dynamics, and to give them a coherent meaning within the larger story of the changes shaping our time. These analyses reflect expertise built through continuous observation of international affairs and an understanding of the strategic mechanisms that drive global actors.

This article describes a documented state of affairs on its publication date, not a prediction: later developments may shift its outlook. No update is promised in advance; when an article is corrected or completed, the change is dated in the text.

## Sources

### Primary sources

- [UNN: SBU Alpha 32nd anniversary unit — 23 June 2026](https://unn.ua/en/news/the-special-operations-center-alpha-of-the-sbu-marks-the-32nd-anniversary-of-the-units-creation)

- [Gwara Media: UkraineSBU hits Russian air defense Crimea — 24 June 2026](https://gwaramedia.com/en/ukraines-security-service-hits-key-russian-military-hubs-in-crimea-kyiv-says/)

- [SSU Main Page: SBU strikes Kavkaz seaport oil depot — 21 June 2026](https://www.ssu.gov.ua/en)

### Secondary sources

- [ISW: Ukrainian offensive campaign assessment June 21 — 22 June 2026](https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-june-21-2026/)

- [Euromaidan Press: Ukraine arrests eight people accused cheering Russian strikes — 23 June 2026](https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/06/23/ukraine-arrests-eight-people-accused-of-cheering-on-russian-strikes-from-inside-the-country-and-spying/)

- [UNN: SBUFBI expose Russian hacking messengers — 25 June 2026](https://unn.ua/en/news/sbu-and-fbi-expose-russian-special-services-hacking-messengers-of-officials-in-ukraine-eu-and-us)

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Source: Maxime Marquette, MadMax. When citing, name the author and link https://mad-max.co/en/article/essai-alpha-sbu-32-ans-de-guerre-secrete-649-systemes-de-dca-russes-detruits