# EDITORIAL: Scarborough in five numbers

> Some territorial disputes are told better through their numbers than through their speeches. Scarborough Shoal, disputed between China and the Philippines for more than a decade, offers a particularly instructive…

- Author: Maxime Marquette
- Publisher: MadMax (https://mad-max.co)
- Section: Editorial
- Published: 2026-07-20
- Canonical URL: https://mad-max.co/en/article/editorial-scarborough-in-five-numbers

## Introduction

Some territorial disputes are told better through their numbers than through their speeches. **Scarborough Shoal**, disputed between China and the Philippines for more than a decade, offers a particularly instructive example: behind the diplomatic statements and official communiqués, a handful of factual data points is enough to measure the real scale of this dispute and its **documented human cost**. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

*A number never replaces a full story, but it has one advantage a story does not always have: most of the time, it resists partisan interpretation.* This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

This **editorial** sets out to summarize, in five key numbers drawn from established journalistic sources, what we factually know about this dispute: a decade elapsed since a major arbitral decision, a **6.9%** increase in the Chinese military budget, a regional mobilization of **17,000 troops**, and other data that, put together, sketch a picture more precise than any circumstantial speech. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

## First number: ten years since the 2016 arbitral ruling

### What this elapsed decade represents

According to Reuters of July 10, 2026, a **full decade** has passed since the 2016 arbitral ruling that sided with the Philippines on several points concerning Scarborough Shoal. This ruling, issued under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, remains, ten years later, largely without practical effect on the ground, where Philippine fishermen still say they are kept from accessing the disputed areas. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

This **ten-year figure** measures, better than any statement, the gap between international law as rendered by an arbitral body and its real implementation on the ground, a gap that has not narrowed over time but has, on the contrary, seemingly hardened. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

### Why this duration matters so much

*Ten years is not just an administrative span; it is an entire generation of fishermen who grew up learning that the right they were promised did not apply to their nets.* This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

This duration turns a dispute initially presented as temporary into a **structural reality** of the region, where the lack of access to fishing areas is no longer a recent anomaly but a lasting fact that several generations of Philippine fishermen have had to build into their daily practice. It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

## Second number: a 6.9% increase in the Chinese military budget

### The 2026 defense budget in context

China set its **2026 defense budget** at roughly **282 billion dollars**, a **6.9%** increase over 2025, according to Reuters of March 10, 2026. This figure, even though it represents the slowest growth since 2021, remains devoted to modernizing weapons and defense technology, according to official statements from Beijing. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

This **relative slowdown** in budget growth should not be confused with military disengagement: it is still a substantial increase in absolute terms, applied to an already considerable budget base that directly funds the naval and coast guard capabilities deployed in files such as Scarborough. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

### The link between this budget and the presence at Scarborough

*A slowdown in growth is not a retreat; sometimes it is simply the sign that a sufficient level of capability has already been reached, one that no longer needs to accelerate.* This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

This budget envelope, even with slower growth, continues to fund a **naval and coast guard presence** robust enough to maintain, year after year, the territorial status quo at Scarborough despite the 2016 arbitral ruling. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

## Third number: 17,000 troops mobilized for Balikatan 2026

### An unprecedented recent multinational mobilization

The **Balikatan 2026** military exercise mobilized **17,000 troops from seven countries**, according to Asialink, against a backdrop of persistent tensions in the South China Sea directly tied to the Scarborough dispute. This mobilization includes a **Japanese deployment unprecedented since 1945**, a historic fact in itself that deserves to be highlighted independently of its link to Scarborough. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

This figure of **17,000 troops** illustrates the scale of the multinational regional response organized in support of the Philippines, a response that, without legally resolving the dispute, seeks to offset the power asymmetry through a collective reinforcement of allied military presence in the region. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

### What this mobilization means strategically

*Seventeen thousand troops are not sent for a routine exercise; it is a message addressed to anyone who might doubt the region's determination to stand behind Manila against Chinese pressure.* It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

This multinational mobilization, documented by Asialink, fits within a **strategy of collective deterrence** that seeks to demonstrate, through physical presence rather than diplomatic language alone, regional partners' commitment to Philippine sovereignty in this dispute. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

## Fourth number: one minister barred from entering China

### The ban targeting Gilberto Teodoro

China barred entry to its territory for **Philippine Defense Minister Gilberto Teodoro**, according to Al Jazeera of June 11, 2026. This figure — a single individual directly sanctioned — illustrates a Chinese method of targeted pressure that favors the symbolic individual gesture over a broader institutional measure against the entire Philippine government. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

This **single but significant gesture** measures Beijing's desire to express firmness without fully closing bilateral diplomatic channels with Manila, an important nuance for understanding the limits Beijing imposes on itself in escalating this dispute. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

### The symbolic weight of this isolated figure

*A single name on a ban list can weigh more than a hundred official communiqués; it is the precision of the gesture, more than its scale, that determines its real reach.* This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

This ban, though limited in numerical scope, fits within a **gradual diplomatic escalation** documented throughout the first half of 2026, accompanying the persistence of maritime tensions around Scarborough. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

## Fifth number: zero effective legal resolution in ten years

### A number that sums up the failure of the international mechanism

The **number zero** — zero effective implementation of the 2016 arbitral ruling on the ground in ten years — perhaps most directly measures the failure of the international enforcement mechanism against a power that chooses not to comply with it. This figure, documented by the very absence of any change reported by Reuters in Philippine fishermen's access to the disputed areas, illustrates a structural limit of contemporary international law. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

This total absence of effective resolution, despite an international legal decision favorable to the Philippines, is perhaps the **hardest finding** of this file: winning an international judgment guarantees, in practice, absolutely nothing on the ground against a power determined to maintain its physical presence. It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

### What this zero implies for the dispute's future

*Zero is not a neutral number; it is the most accusatory of all, because it measures an entire decade of waiting without the slightest concrete result for those who lived it on the ground.* This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

This figure calls for a **realistic reassessment** of expectations toward international legal mechanisms in this type of territorial dispute, without concluding that they are entirely useless: they constitute a legal foundation that, combined with other diplomatic and military instruments, retains long-term strategic value. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

## What these five numbers reveal together

### A picture more precise than any speech

Put together, these **five numbers** — ten years, 6.9%, 17,000 troops, one minister banned, zero effective resolution — sketch a coherent picture of a territorial dispute that persists despite international law, fueled by growing Chinese military power and offset, on the Philippine side, by a strengthening of regional alliances rather than by a legal resolution. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

This **numerical picture**, built exclusively from established journalistic sources, avoids the temptation of a purely narrative account in favor of a verifiable factual reading, harder to contest than any strictly discursive interpretation of the dispute. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

### The limits of a numbers-based approach

*Numbers tell part of the story, never the whole story; they say nothing about the face of a fisherman coming home empty-handed for the tenth consecutive year.* This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

This numbers-based approach, however rigorous, never replaces the need to also document the **human dimension** of this dispute, embodied by fishing communities whose daily lives remain directly affected by a reality that statistics alone cannot fully convey. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

## Comparison with other quantifiable regional disputes

### Taiwan, another file measurable through numbers

The Taiwan file offers a comparable example of a territorial dispute measurable through precise numbers: an **average of five Chinese warplanes a day** crossing the strait's median line through May 2026, according to the Straits Times, a figure representing roughly **half the level observed in 2025**. This documented decline, recorded independently of the Scarborough file, illustrates a Chinese method that differs by regional theater. It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

This numerical comparison between Taiwan and Scarborough reveals **distinct trajectories**: a reduction in air incursions in one case, a continuous and stable maritime presence in the other, suggesting that Beijing adapts its method to the specifics of each file rather than applying a single formula across all its territorial disputes. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

### What this differentiation teaches

*The same power can wear ten different faces depending on the file it is handling; it is this adaptability, more than any single doctrine, that makes its behavior hard to anticipate in the long run.* This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

This methodological differentiation, documented through numerical comparison across several regional files, calls for a cautious reading that avoids reducing China's regional posture to a single uniform logic applied indiscriminately to every disputed territorial theater. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

## The technology underlying these numbers

### The role of Chinese naval modernization

Behind these five numbers lies a documented technological reality: the commissioning of two **Type 055-class destroyers**, the **Dongguan and the Anqing**, according to IDSA of March 2026, illustrates the ongoing naval modernization that lets China sustain extended maritime presences across several theaters simultaneously, Scarborough among them. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

This **strengthened naval capacity** forms the material foundation that makes it possible to maintain the territorial status quo despite the 2016 arbitral ruling, a technical reality that partly explains why the ten-year figure without effective resolution is nothing accidental. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

### What this technology means for the dispute's future

*A navy that keeps modernizing never voluntarily retreats from an already consolidated territorial dispute; it has, on the contrary, every means to keep it open indefinitely to its own advantage.* This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

This technological reality calls for **cautious anticipation**: absent a significant shift in the balance of power, the five numbers documented in this editorial are likely to persist in the years ahead rather than evolve toward a resolution favorable to the Philippines. It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

## The role of alliances in contesting this status quo

### A collective response rather than a bilateral resolution

Facing these five numbers, which document a balance of power structurally unfavorable to Manila, the Philippine response favors a **collective strategy** built on strengthening regional alliances rather than on direct bilateral negotiation with Beijing, judged unpromising given the documented record of the past ten years. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

This strategy, illustrated by Philippine participation in the Balikatan 2026 exercise, seeks to **rebalance**, at least partially, the power asymmetry documented by China's budgetary and capability figures, without claiming it can single-handedly reverse this balance of power through its own military means. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

### What this collective strategy can realistically achieve

*You never reverse a balance of power through sheer will alone; you rebalance it, patiently, by adding up supports that, one by one, change nothing, but that, together, eventually count.* This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

This collective approach, realistic rather than ambitious, implicitly acknowledges the limits documented by this editorial's five numbers, while seeking to prevent the current status quo from turning into a complete abandonment of the file by the international community. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

## The importance of continuing to track these numbers

### Why the continuous updating of this data matters

These five numbers, valid at the time this editorial was written, are not fixed: their future evolution — whether a new increase in the Chinese military budget, a strengthened regional mobilization, or, conversely, a first sign of effective resolution on the ground — deserves **continuous documentary tracking** rather than a reading frozen in time. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

This requirement for continuous tracking applies especially to the **zero figure** of effective resolution: any change in the real access of Philippine fishermen to the disputed areas would constitute a development significant enough to warrant an immediate revision of this numerical analysis. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

### What this numerical exercise teaches about factual journalism

*Counting is never a neutral exercise; choosing which numbers to keep is, in itself, already a form of editorial judgment that must be owned rather than hidden behind a false objectivity.* It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

This editorial owns that choice: favoring numbers directly documented by established journalistic sources over unverified estimates, with the goal of providing a solid factual basis for understanding a dispute too often reduced to imprecise generalizations. This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

## What Scarborough reveals about the international system as a whole

### A textbook case for other territorial disputes

The Scarborough file, documented by these five numbers, constitutes a **textbook case** for understanding the limits of the international legal system against powers determined to ignore arbitral decisions unfavorable to them, a lesson whose reach extends far beyond this specific dispute alone. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

This broader reach calls for reflection on the **necessary reforms** of international maritime law, though this editorial does not claim to resolve this complex question, which extends well beyond the scope of a numerical analysis of a single regional territorial dispute. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

### The responsibility of the international community

*A system that produces rulings it can never enforce ends up, over time, mostly producing cynicism among those who had placed their hope in it.* This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

This collective responsibility, implicitly documented by the zero figure of effective resolution, calls on the entire international community to examine its real capacity to enforce its own legal mechanisms against powers that choose to ignore them without significant consequence. This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

## What these numbers mean for Western readers

### A dispute that deserves attention comparable to other more publicized files

For Western readers, these five numbers should serve as an **invitation to attention** rather than a mere statistical curiosity: this dispute, documented for more than a decade, illustrates a regional dynamic whose future developments could have repercussions well beyond the Philippine-Chinese framework alone. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

This invitation to attention fits within a context where several similar regional disputes — Taiwan, the South China Sea more broadly — share comparable dynamics that deserve to be followed with the same factual rigor applied in this editorial. It is precisely this **factual discipline** that must guide any serious reading of this file, beyond **knee-jerk reactions**.

### The role of public opinion in sustaining this attention

*A file you stop counting is a file you eventually forget; and a forgotten file is, almost always, a file lost for those who directly depend on it.* This finding deserves to be treated as a **reliable indicator** rather than an **isolated anecdote**.

It is this conviction that motivates the publication of this numerical editorial: sustaining, through factual and documented repetition, public attention on a dispute that the passage of years might otherwise gradually erase from the Western media agenda. This reality, consistently documented, illustrates an **underlying trend** more than a **one-off accident**.

## The last number still missing from this file

### What we cannot yet count

This numerical editorial concludes with a methodological admission: one essential number is still missing from this file, that of an **effective resolution date** that would finally let us measure the end of this decade of waiting documented by Philippine fishermen. No source consulted allows us, at this stage, to anticipate with certainty when this missing figure can finally be filled in. This is a **signal** that **serious analysts** can no longer ignore without risking an incomplete reading.

This **absence of a number** is perhaps, of all the numbers presented in this editorial, the most revealing: it measures not what has happened, but what continues not to happen, despite an entire decade of factual documentation and regional diplomatic mobilization. This observation adds to a **set of converging facts** that, placed side by side, sketch out a **coherent trajectory**.

### Why this absence must stay at the center of attention

*The missing number is sometimes more important than all the ones we managed to count; it reminds us, with a sobriety statistics cannot always convey, of what still remains to be accomplished.* This is a **documented development**, not **speculation**, which is why it deserves the weight it carries.

It is this persistent absence that must continue to guide journalistic attention to this file, until the day a new number can finally be added to this list: that of an effective resolution that would do justice to a decade of Philippine fishermen denied access to their historic fishing grounds. This nuance, often overlooked, sets a **rigorous analysis** apart from a mere **knee-jerk reaction** to the news cycle.

## Conclusion

These **five numbers** — ten years, 6.9%, 17,000 troops, one minister banned, zero effective resolution — offer a factual and verifiable reading of a territorial dispute too often reduced to imprecise generalizations. Together, they sketch the picture of a balance of power structurally unfavorable to Manila, offset by a strengthening of regional alliances rather than an effective legal resolution, in a context where Chinese military modernization continues to consolidate, year after year, a territorial status quo that remains, for now, largely to Beijing's advantage.

*Counting, in this file, is never a cold exercise; it is a way of refusing to let ten years of documented waiting quietly dissolve into the indifference of a news cycle that always moves on to something else.*

This editorial therefore concludes not with a prediction, but with a commitment: to keep counting, year after year, until the most important number of all — that of an effective resolution — can finally be added to this list.

**By Maxime Marquette, columnist**

## Columnist's transparency note

### Editorial stance

I am not a journalist but a **columnist and analyst**. My expertise lies in observing and analysing the geopolitical, economic and strategic dynamics that shape our world. My work is to take political strategies apart, to understand global economic movements, to put the decisions of international actors in context and to offer analytical perspectives on the changes that are redefining our societies.

I do not claim the cold objectivity of traditional journalism, which stops at reporting facts. **I claim analytical clarity**, rigorous interpretation and a deep understanding of the complex issues that concern us all. My role is to give meaning to the facts, to place them in their historical and strategic context, and to offer a critical reading of events.

### Method and sources

This text keeps the basic distinction between **verified facts and interpretive analysis**. The rule never changes: a factual claim is published only when a verifiable source supports it, and the sources this article actually used are listed under **Sources**, never here.

**Primary source families** used by the publication, when the story has them: official statements from governments and international institutions, public statements by political leaders, reports from intergovernmental organisations, dispatches from recognised international news agencies.

**Secondary source families**: specialised publications, internationally recognised news media, analyses from established research institutions, reports from industry organisations.

When an article cites statistical, economic or geopolitical data, it comes from the institutions that produce it (intergovernmental organisations, central banks, national statistics offices), and the exact institution is named under **Sources**.

### Nature of the analysis

The analyses, interpretations and perspectives in the analytical sections of this article are a **critical, contextual synthesis** based on the information available, the trends observed and the expert comments cited in the sources consulted.

My role is to interpret these facts, to set them in the context of today's geopolitical and economic dynamics, and to give them a coherent meaning within the larger story of the changes shaping our time. These analyses reflect expertise built through continuous observation of international affairs and an understanding of the strategic mechanisms that drive global actors.

This article describes a documented state of affairs on its publication date, not a prediction: later developments may shift its outlook. No update is promised in advance; when an article is corrected or completed, the change is dated in the text.

## Sources

### Primary sources

- [Reuters — Ten years after the arbitral ruling, Philippine fishermen still pushed away — July 10, 2026](https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/decade-after-historic-ruling-philippine-fishermen-say-driven-away-disputed-shoal-2026-07-10/)

- [Reuters — Chinese 2026 defense budget — March 10, 2026](https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-lifts-military-budget-modernize-weapons-defence-technology-2026-03-10/)

### Secondary sources

- [Asialink — Balikatan 2026 exercise — 2026](https://asialink.unimelb.edu.au/diplomacy/insights/between-talks-and-tensions-why-south-china-sea-wont-stabilise-2026/)

- [Al Jazeera — Ban on the Philippine Defense Minister — June 11, 2026](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/11/china-bars-philippines-defence-chief-as-south-china-sea-spat-sails-onwards)

- [Straits Times — Comparison with the Taiwan situation — June 15, 2026](https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/xi-swaps-fighter-jets-for-diplomatic-hardball-to-squeeze-taiwan)

- [IDSA — Commissioning of Type 055 destroyers — March 2026](https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/China-Military-Digest-March-2026.pdf)

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Source: Maxime Marquette, MadMax. When citing, name the author and link https://mad-max.co/en/article/editorial-scarborough-in-five-numbers