# DECODING: Iran Seizes the Strait of Hormuz — 30 Days of Exclusive Control That Paralyze the World

> On June 28, 2026, while strikes were still being exchanged between American forces and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Iranian Foreign

- Author: Maxime Marquette
- Publisher: MadMax (https://mad-max.co)
- Section: Analysis
- Published: 2026-07-01
- Canonical URL: https://mad-max.co/en/article/decryptage-l-iran-s-empare-du-detroit-d-ormuz-30-jours-de-controle-exclusif-qui-

## Key takeaways

- Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said responsibility for restoring traffic in the strait belongs "exclusively to Tehran," following IRGC drone strikes on tankers and cargo vessels from June 26 to 27.
- Strait traffic reportedly fell from 151 ships per day to 4 to 5 at the height of the crisis, a 97% drop, according to a CIMSEC analysis by Rustam Taghizade.
- The author argues that the closure benefited Russia, as a US waiver on Russian oil for India in March 2026 weakened the effect of sanctions.
- Iran's floating reserves and its possible transit fees are presented as a form of economic leverage, though Oman says it will not impose such fees.
- The International Maritime Organization suspended its evacuation plan, and the author describes the UN and NATO as lacking effective responses.

## Introduction: The Planet's Maritime Lock Under Iranian Colors

### The declaration that changed everything

On **June 28, 2026**, while strikes were still being exchanged between American forces and the **Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps** (IRGC), Iranian Foreign Minister **Abbas Araqchi** pronounced the words that oil markets and admiralties around the world had dreaded since the conflict began: **the responsibility for returning maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz to pre-war levels belongs "exclusively to Tehran."** He demanded that other nations not "interfere in Iran's administration of the strait." For 30 days, and prior to full resumption of transit, the **IRGC** controls passage through the **world's most strategic waterway**.

This declaration did not come from nowhere. It is the result of a **week of direct confrontations** triggered by an Iranian drone strike on a **Panama-flagged oil tanker** on Saturday **June 27**, then on a cargo vessel the previous Thursday, with the sole purpose of forcing ships to use the **northern route through Iranian waters** rather than the maritime corridor running along Omani territory. The **International Maritime Organization** (IMO), facing an unprecedented situation, suspended its plan to evacuate vessels stranded in the strait. **More than one-fifth of global crude oil and liquefied natural gas supplies** normally transit through this 39-kilometre bottleneck.

*What the IRGC has just accomplished is to transform a historic right of passage into a toll. Not yet in money — in allegiance. Ships that want to pass must now take the Iranian route. That is maritime vassalisation, and it is happening live.*

## The Chronology of Strikes and Provocations: June 26–29

### A calibrated escalation

The sequence is precise. On **Thursday, June 26, 2026**, a cargo vessel is struck in the strait. On **Friday, June 27**, the United States and Israel conclude a ceasefire agreement with **Lebanon** — an agreement Hezbollah describes as **"humiliating."** That same **Saturday, June 27**, the IRGC strikes the **Panama-flagged tanker carrying approximately 2 million barrels** with an explosive drone. The **US Central Command** retaliates within hours by striking Iranian **surveillance, communications, air defence, drone storage, and mine-laying** installations. On **Sunday, June 28**, the IRGC launches **missiles and drones at the American Ali Al Salem base in Kuwait and the US 5th Naval Fleet in Bahrain**.

The IRGC naval command issues an unambiguous statement: **"American bases in the region will know hell in the coming days."** Adding, to captains still hesitating over which route to take: **"Our fire on violators will remind the rest of the vessels of the clearly defined transit route."** This is not rhetoric. It is a navigation order disguised as a military communiqué. On **June 29**, Iran confirms that no meeting with the United States will take place in **Qatar** "at any level" in the coming days, despite **Donald Trump**'s announcement.

### The mechanics of explosive drones as a maritime coercion tool

The **IRGC's tactic** is surgical in its intent. By striking a **Panama-flagged tanker** and a container ship, the IRGC is not trying to destroy global navigation: it is redirecting it. Each strike is a message addressed to shipowners worldwide — **taking the Omani corridor means risking being hit**; passing through Iranian waters under IRGC surveillance means having a guaranteed passage. This is **blackmail at the scale of an international commercial route**. **CIMSEC** (Center for International Maritime Security) analysis reveals that tanker traffic through the strait dropped from **151 ships per day before the conflict to 4–5 ships per day** at the height of the crisis — a fall of **97%**.

**Iran** and **Oman** held on **June 28** their first meeting of the **Hormuz Joint Committee** to discuss future management of the strait. The Omani Foreign Minister was careful to clarify that Oman is "committed to not imposing **transit fees**" in the strait. The difference in tone with Tehran is striking: while Oman seeks to reassure markets, Iran is already raising the possibility of **charging for passage** for the 60 days following the signature of a potential agreement.

*Araqchi's phrase about Iranian exclusivity in the strait is one of the most important geopolitical declarations of 2026. It reformulates who controls access to global energy. And it was said aloud, without ambiguity, in the middle of a war.*

## Russia, the Silent Beneficiary of Maritime Chaos

### How the closure of Hormuz rehabilitated Russian oil

The **CIMSEC** analysis, published on **June 25, 2026** by **Rustam Taghizade**, is perhaps the most unsettling reading of the entire crisis. It demonstrates that the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz — and the global logistical disorder that followed — constituted a **strategic windfall for Moscow**. The reasoning is as follows: on **March 5, 2026**, the Trump administration granted **India** a 30-day waiver to purchase **Russian oil**, ostensibly to stabilise global energy markets after the Hormuz closure. This decision rendered American sanctions against Russia **operationally inoperable**: the physical priority of energy access overrode the architecture of economic pressure.

The figures are revealing. Before the crisis, **Russia** held approximately **36% of India's crude oil imports**, a share that had been brought down to **31%** under ten months of American pressure. After the March 5 waiver, **India** ordered approximately **60 million barrels** of Russian oil for April delivery — **more than double the February volumes**. Russian oil, which had been sitting in tankers without buyers, found its preferred market again. Russia sold its cargoes at **5 to 15 dollars above the Brent price** — a **seller's market** created directly by the Iranian crisis.

### The paradox of sanctions in a world of chokepoints

The CIMSEC analysis draws a conclusion of rare clarity on the strategic implications of Iran's control of Hormuz: **"The era of frictionless maritime sanctions is over."** When a state controls an indispensable logistical node, the economic sanctions of outside powers become **secondary to the physical reality of access**. India, with strategic reserves covering barely one month of consumption, could not afford to refuse Russian oil in order to respect Washington's preferences. This is the blunt calculation that the **IRGC** deliberately exploits: create a global energy emergency that forces American allies to **derogate from sanctions**.

The American navy maintains **two carrier strike groups** in the region and had, as of **March 26**, sunk at least **60 Iranian warships** and destroyed numerous fast attack boats. But American naval superiority was not enough to prevent **traffic from falling 97%**. The IRGC's asymmetric arsenal — cheap drones, naval mines, coastal missiles — proved **sufficient to paralyse** what battleships cannot protect: **shipowners' confidence** in the corridor's safety.

*That is the harshest strategic lesson of this crisis: two American aircraft carriers in the Gulf cannot guarantee that a Greek shipowner will sail his tanker under the IRGC's nose. The war of chokepoints is won in the minds of insurance adjusters, not in engine rooms.*

## The Impact on Oil Markets: From Panic to Correction

### Prices that defied the logic of the crisis

One of the most surprising aspects of this crisis is the **relative resilience of oil prices**. According to senior analyst **Ipek Ozkardeskaya** of **Swissquote**, "the impact on oil prices remains relatively contained" — an observation that would have seemed implausible had one been told, six months earlier, that traffic through the Strait of Hormuz would collapse by 97%. The reason is twofold: several key markets became "surplus thanks to the drawdown of strategic reserves and tankers quietly making their way out of the Gulf." And the American waiver on Russian oil injected **a significant compensatory volume** into supply chains.

But this surface stability masks deep vulnerabilities. **India** — where **85 to 90% of crude oil and liquefied petroleum gas imports** normally transit through Hormuz — exposed the asymmetry of its energy dependence with documentary brutality. Economists calculate a risk of **wholesale inflation rising by 0.3 to 0.7 percentage points** and estimated export losses of between **2 and 4%** if the disruption continues. For an economy the size of India's, these figures are not theoretical.

### The map of 170 million offshore Iranian barrels

CIMSEC analysis reveals another little-covered figure: at the time of the crisis, approximately **170 million barrels of Iranian oil** were floating aboard tankers offshore, without buyers. **Iran** paradoxically became both the creator of the oil chaos and one of the few suppliers capable of remedying it — for buyers willing to play by its rules. **Reliance Industries**, the Indian giant, bought **5 million barrels** at **7 dollars above the Brent price**. This is a scarcity market organised by the very one who holds the valve: a mechanics of **codified economic blackmail**.

This dual role — disruptor and alternative supplier — is at the heart of **Tehran**'s strategy. It is not merely trying to survive sanctions: it is seeking to make itself **indispensable despite them**. And in a situation where **India**, **China**, and emerging Asian economies are structurally exposed to the Gulf, this indispensability carries real political value.

*Iran sells chaos and the solution at the same time. That is strategic genius or institutionalised madness, depending on your angle. For Indian families paying more for fuel this month, the distinction is academic.*

## The Doha Talks and the Memorandum of Understanding: A Peace Under Strain

### The June 17 memorandum and its unapplied clauses

At the heart of the diplomatic crisis lies the **memorandum of understanding** signed on **June 17, 2026** between Iran and the United States, after a round of Switzerland-mediated talks led by Vice President **JD Vance** and Iranian Parliament Speaker **Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf**. This **14-point text** provided for a cessation of hostilities and the reopening of the strait while negotiations continued on **Iran's nuclear programme**. Washington had even lifted sanctions against Tehran following these talks.

The memorandum's first article stipulated that **"military operations must immediately and permanently cease on all fronts, including in Lebanon."** Yet on **Friday, June 27**, Israel struck Hezbollah militants in Lebanon — an action the IRGC immediately interpreted as a violation of the memorandum by the American side. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman **Esmaeil Baqaei** announced on **June 29** that **"no negotiation meeting with the American side will take place at any level in the coming days."** The text also states that the strait must be "free of transit fees for 60 days only" after the agreement's signature — a clause suggesting that charging for passage is a formalised option from the moment of drafting.

### Doha, Qatar, and the geography of mediations

**Qatar**, which hosts both American military bases and maintains relations with Tehran, is at the centre of the mediation mechanics. President **Trump** announced on June 28 that Iran had requested a meeting in Doha the following day — a claim Tehran immediately denied. **Qatar** asked shipowners and vessel operators to **suspend all navigation and maritime activity** until further notice on June 28. This is an extraordinarily grave measure: **Qatar** is the world's leading exporter of **liquefied natural gas**, and even a temporary suspension of its maritime traffic has cascading effects on European and Asian energy markets.

Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister **Kazem Gharibabadi** stated that the situation in the Strait of Hormuz was **"sensitive and complex."** He affirmed that Iran will carry out **demining** of the strait alone and will not accept the participation of any other country in this process. **France**, represented by President **Emmanuel Macron**, had said on June 28 that it had reached an agreement with Oman to collaborate on demining — an initiative immediately rejected by Tehran as a "provocation."

*The memorandum of understanding may have been sincere on both sides at the moment of signing. But geopolitics does not respect diplomatic timetables. A single Israeli strike in Lebanon was enough to shatter in ten days what had taken weeks to build.*

## The Strait of Hormuz as an Instrument of Iranian Power Projection

### A militarised grey-zone doctrine

What the IRGC has been practising in the **Strait of Hormuz** since **June 26, 2026** fits within an established military doctrine: **grey-zone warfare**, halfway between peace and open war. Drone strikes on commercial vessels do not formally constitute an act of war against the countries whose flag they fly. They create a **zone of uncertainty** that is, in itself, the strategic objective. Shipowners no longer know whether the next strike will target their vessel. Insurers raise premiums. Commercial routes are reorganised. All without a formal declaration of war, without UN Security Council action, without a clear institutional response mechanism.

The **Iranian presence at Qeshm Island** — where authorities inspect vessels wishing to use the passage — concretely illustrates this doctrine. Controls cover ownership, insurance, and the crew's links to the United States or Israel. Ships linked to **India, China, or Pakistan** pass through — Iran does not consider them "aggressor" countries. Others wait, or navigate at their own risk. The **dividing line** is not legal or commercial: it is **geopolitical**. The IRGC decides who has the right to navigate.

### The transit fee option: a dangerous precedent

The Iranian declaration about the possibility of **"charging for passage"** through the strait after a potential agreement takes effect has consequences that extend well beyond the current crisis. The Strait of Hormuz is an **international navigation route** governed by the **United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea** (UNCLOS), which guarantees the **right of transit passage** to all commercial and military vessels. No riparian state — neither Iran nor Oman — has the right to levy taxes on this passage under international law. By claiming this option, Tehran is explicitly testing the international community's willingness to defend these norms.

**Oman** responded clearly: its Foreign Minister stated that his country is "committed to not imposing transit duties" and that "this responsibility lies entirely with Iran to ensure that the strait and approved shipping lanes are free of mine-related dangers." This is a diplomatic ultimatum, framed with Oman's characteristic restraint. But it draws a line: if Iran institutes a transit fee, **Muscat will not endorse it**.

*A transit fee in the Strait of Hormuz means overturning 40 years of international maritime law. If Iran succeeds in imposing one without consequences, every riparian state of a strategic chokepoint in the world will take notes.*

## The International Community Facing Impotence: UN, NATO, Regional Allies

### The IMO without room to manoeuvre

The **International Maritime Organization**, the UN specialised agency based in London, suspended its plan to evacuate vessels stranded in the strait. This decision reflects a concrete reality: in a context of active strikes and the IRGC's claim of exclusive control, **no coordinated evacuation plan can be implemented** without Tehran's implicit or explicit agreement. The IMO finds itself in the position of a regulator whose operational territory has been militarised. It can document, it can warn — it cannot navigate on behalf of shipowners.

**NATO**, several of whose members have direct maritime interests in the region and some of whose warships patrol the Persian Gulf or Arabian Sea, has not adopted a collective position on the exclusive control claimed by Iran. This is a **significant institutional gap** in a context where freedom of navigation is normally one of the Atlantic Alliance's red lines. The fact that the **United States** is directly engaged in strikes against Iran complicates any collective response mechanism — an alliance engaged in proxy war cannot simultaneously conduct a multilateral freedom of navigation operation.

### The UAE, Bahrain, and the Gulf map

The **United Arab Emirates** lifted their travel ban to Lebanon for their nationals on **June 29** — the first sign of partial normalisation in the region. Flights between **Tehran and Dubai** resumed the same day, for the first time since the conflict began, according to Iranian state television. These signals of détente coexist with the Hormuz crisis without contradicting each other: in the Gulf, riparian states maintain their commercial pragmatism while remaining exposed to the fallout from a confrontation in which they do not directly participate.

**Bahrain**, seat of the **US 5th Fleet**, is on the front line: the IRGC targeted its installations on **June 28**. Its government has made no public statement on conditions of transit in the strait. This silence speaks volumes about the dilemma of the **fragile balance between American allegiance and Iranian neighbourliness** that these small Gulf states must perpetually manage.

*Gulf states have survived decades of tension between Washington and Tehran by never truly choosing sides. But when the Strait of Hormuz is under Iranian control and missiles are falling on Bahrain, neutrality becomes an increasingly difficult position to hold.*

## The Iranian Nuclear Programme: The Invisible Issue Behind Hormuz

### Hormuz as a nuclear negotiation lever

The Hormuz crisis cannot be read independently of the issue that triggered the conflict as early as **February 28, 2026**: **Iran's nuclear programme**. The **American and Israeli strikes** of that day directly targeted installations linked to uranium enrichment. The **memorandum of understanding** of June 17 included nuclear negotiations as one of the dossiers to address within the framework of the talks. The closure of Hormuz, in this logic, is not an end in itself: it is a **negotiating currency** that Tehran is using to maximise its position in discussions over its nuclear programme.

**Abbas Araqchi** said it implicitly in every declaration on the strait: Iran will not lift its exclusive control until it has obtained guarantees. These guarantees necessarily concern **the halt of military strikes, the freezing of sanctions, and recognition of an Iranian right to civilian uranium enrichment**. The Strait of Hormuz is the entry price for these negotiations. And the entire world, whether it wants to be or not, pays the cost of this escalation. **Iran** has demonstrated that it can paralyse **a fifth of global energy supplies** with cheap drones. That is the definition of a first-order asymmetric negotiating lever.

*Behind every drone launched at a tanker, there is a centrifuge in a bunker near Isfahan. Iran has never separated its control of the strait from its nuclear ambition. Hormuz is the waiting room for the atomic talks.*

## Conclusion: Hormuz, the Test of Power in a World Without Guaranteed Rules

### What the next 30 days will reveal

The **30 days of exclusive management** claimed by Iran from **June 28, 2026** are a test period of considerable importance. If the international community tacitly accepts this claim — through inaction, economic calculation, diplomatic exhaustion — **Iran** will have obtained a precedent: one in which a state can unilaterally appropriate the management of an international waterway, with drones and missiles as its only legitimacy. If, conversely, a coordinated multilateral response takes shape — diplomatic guarantees, collective naval presence, formal designation of maritime law violations — the precedent will be reversed.

For now, the **Strait of Hormuz** is a zone where the **IRGC** defines the navigation rules, where the UN is powerless, where global oil markets came close to a breakdown, and where **Russia** has banked billions in profit without firing a single shot. This is the world of 2026: one where **physical chokepoints** have more strategic value than UN resolutions, and where a determined asymmetric actor can challenge the world's greatest naval power — not by defeating it, but by making it **insufficient to guarantee confidence**.

*The Strait of Hormuz is not just a waterway. It is the thermometer of the international order. When the IRGC can claim exclusive control over it without immediate and lasting consequence, the system's fever has climbed higher than anyone wanted to admit.*

**By Maxime Marquette, columnist**

## Columnist's transparency note

### Editorial stance

I am not a journalist but a **columnist and analyst**. My expertise lies in observing and analysing the geopolitical, economic and strategic dynamics that shape our world. My work is to take political strategies apart, to understand global economic movements, to put the decisions of international actors in context and to offer analytical perspectives on the changes that are redefining our societies.

I do not claim the cold objectivity of traditional journalism, which stops at reporting facts. **I claim analytical clarity**, rigorous interpretation and a deep understanding of the complex issues that concern us all. My role is to give meaning to the facts, to place them in their historical and strategic context, and to offer a critical reading of events.

### Method and sources

This text keeps the basic distinction between **verified facts and interpretive analysis**. The rule never changes: a factual claim is published only when a verifiable source supports it, and the sources this article actually used are listed under **Sources**, never here.

**Primary source families** used by the publication, when the story has them: official statements from governments and international institutions, public statements by political leaders, reports from intergovernmental organisations, dispatches from recognised international news agencies.

**Secondary source families**: specialised publications, internationally recognised news media, analyses from established research institutions, reports from industry organisations.

When an article cites statistical, economic or geopolitical data, it comes from the institutions that produce it (intergovernmental organisations, central banks, national statistics offices), and the exact institution is named under **Sources**.

### Nature of the analysis

The analyses, interpretations and perspectives in the analytical sections of this article are a **critical, contextual synthesis** based on the information available, the trends observed and the expert comments cited in the sources consulted.

My role is to interpret these facts, to set them in the context of today's geopolitical and economic dynamics, and to give them a coherent meaning within the larger story of the changes shaping our time. These analyses reflect expertise built through continuous observation of international affairs and an understanding of the strategic mechanisms that drive global actors.

This article describes a documented state of affairs on its publication date, not a prediction: later developments may shift its outlook. No update is promised in advance; when an article is corrected or completed, the change is dated in the text.

## Sources

### Primary sources

- [Al Jazeera — IRGC doubles down as Iran-US MOU jeopardised by Hormuz strikes (Maziar Motamedi) — June 28, 2026](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/28/irgc-doubles-down-as-iran-us-mou-jeopardised-by-hormuz-strikes)

- [Reuters — US conducts further strikes on Iran — June 27, 2026](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-conducts-further-strikes-iran-2026-06-27/)

- [CIMSEC — The Hormuz Closure and the Limits of Sanctions: How Russia Benefited from Iran's Chokepoint Weapon (Rustam Taghizade) — June 25, 2026](https://cimsec.org/the-hormuz-closure-and-the-limits-of-sanctions-how-russia-benefited-from-irans-chokepoint-weapon/)

### Secondary sources

- [CBS News — Iran describes situation at Hormuz as "sensitive and complex" — June 29, 2026](https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/us-iran-war-peace-talks-timetable-unclear-strait-of-hormuz-clashes/)

- [USA Today — US strikes Iran, Strait of Hormuz — June 26, 2026](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2026/06/26/us-strikes-iran-strait-of-hormuz/90715201007/)

- [Foreign Policy — Geopolitical analysis of the Iran-US conflict in the Gulf — June 2026](https://foreignpolicy.com/)

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Source: Maxime Marquette, MadMax. When citing, name the author and link https://mad-max.co/en/article/decryptage-l-iran-s-empare-du-detroit-d-ormuz-30-jours-de-controle-exclusif-qui-