# COLUMN: Fico at Ankara without a mandate — NATO solidarity tested by one man

> On June 27, 2026, Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico publicly announced that Slovakia would attend the NATO summit in Ankara, on July 7–8, 2026, without a mandate to approve military loans or financial contributions in support of Ukraine. In diplomatic language, that means: Bratislava will block, or at minimum gut, the consensus required to ratify a 70-billion-euro military aid

- Author: Maxime Marquette
- Publisher: MadMax (https://mad-max.co)
- Section: Column
- Published: 2026-06-29
- Canonical URL: https://mad-max.co/en/article/chronique-fico-a-ankara-sans-mandat-la-solidarite-otan-a-l-epreuve-d-un-seul-hom

## Introduction: when a prime minister decides alone the fate of the alliance

### June 27, 2026: a declaration that tears

On **June 27, 2026**, Slovak Prime Minister **Robert Fico** publicly announced that **Slovakia** would attend the **NATO summit in Ankara**, on **July 7–8, 2026**, without a mandate to approve military loans or financial contributions in support of **Ukraine**. In diplomatic language, that means: Bratislava will block, or at minimum gut, the consensus required to ratify a **70-billion-euro military aid package**. Fico's chosen formulation was unambiguous: **"Slovakia will not pay for Ukraine's military expenditures."**

This is not a negotiating position. It is a doctrine. And that doctrine, held by a member state since **2004**, is enough to paralyze an alliance built on consensus. In **NATO's** delegation hall, a single dissenting voice can turn seventy billion euros in pledges into a statement of intent with no follow-through. That is the structural reality **Fico** exploits with calculated precision.

### An alliance system placed under strain by a unilateral decision

The **NATO consensus mechanism** requires the unanimous agreement of all **32 members** for any major collective decision. That is not a procedural subtlety — it is the founding rule, inherited from the **Cold War**, that guaranteed every country, however small, retained oversight over collective commitments. In theory, that rule protects sovereignty. In practice, it creates a vulnerability: one single country can paralyze an alliance of **32 nations** collectively representing more than **50 percent of world GDP**.

This is not a theoretical flaw. It is the reality **Fico** exploits. And what he demonstrates by doing so is that the unanimity rule was not reformed in time. **NATO** enlarged its perimeter without adapting its decision-making processes. **32 members**, including countries with very different relationships to **Russia**, the **United States**, and **Ukraine** — yet all bound by the same consensus mechanism. It is a political architecture showing its limits under the pressure of a real war.

*I do not understand everything Fico does — but I understand what he chooses not to do. Refusing to fund the defense of Ukraine is choosing a side. Not publicly. Not with a flag. But with the silence of an absent vote.*

## The 70 billion euros: what is at stake in Ankara

### A military fund without the United States

According to **NATO** diplomats cited by **Politico**, the Ankara summit's final declaration includes a commitment of **70 billion euros** in military support for **Ukraine**. That is a considerable figure — and all the more remarkable given that **Donald Trump's United States** is not expected to contribute to that package. **Washington** has **drastically reduced its aid to Kyiv** since Trump's return to power, leaving European allies to compensate. It is therefore primarily the members of **Western and Northern Europe** who will carry this burden.

**NATO** Secretary General **Mark Rutte** stated that the summit would focus on the **acceleration of defense production** across member states. The issue is not only financial: it is whether **NATO without the United States** can still carry meaningful military weight in an ongoing conflict. The answer Ankara gives will determine the alliance's credibility for the next five years.

### The burden-bearers: who really contributes

In the absence of American contributions, it is the **Northern and Eastern European countries** that will carry the largest share of the **70 billion** package. **Germany**, which has already delivered more than **28 billion euros** in military aid to **Ukraine** since 2022, is expected to lead contributors again. The **Baltic states**, devoting between **3 and 4 percent of their GDP** to defense, are contributing proportionally more than most members. **France** and the **United Kingdom** are maintaining their support.

That imbalance is not new, but it is more visible at **Ankara** than in previous years. When the **United States** was funding heavily, gaps between members were smoothed over. Now that **Washington** is stepping back, every individual contribution counts more — and every refusal, like Fico's, is directly offset by others. It is the principle of communicating vessels applied to collective defense.

*A **NATO** without **Washington** honoring its 70-billion commitment is simultaneously a sign of European maturity and an admission of American abandonment. Both things are true at the same time. It is uncomfortable. It is reality.*

## Fico and the doctrine of "no": a strategy, not a conviction

### The political calculation behind the pacifist rhetoric

**Robert Fico** does not believe in peace. He believes in his own political survival. His anti-war rhetoric — **"supporting the war"** vs. **"not supporting the war"** — lets him mobilize a rural Slovak electorate made mistrustful of **NATO** and the **European Union** by inflation and insecurity. It is a well-tested mechanism: name an external enemy (the **warmongering West**), position yourself as the **people's** shield, and collect the electoral dividends. **Orbán in Hungary** has perfected that model over ten years.

But the posture has a real cost. Fico explicitly indicated he would negotiate with his Defense Minister **Robert Kalinak** to ensure the Slovak delegation arrives in Ankara **without a mandate**. This is not a position of last resort — it is a premeditated decision, announced publicly, intended to be a fait accompli before negotiations even begin. It is planned obstruction dressed as principle.

### The Orbán model: what Fico copied and amplified

Fico's strategy is not original. It is modeled on the approach developed by **Viktor Orbán in Hungary** since 2014: build a discourse of **national sovereignty** against a **bureaucratic Europe**, use **NATO** and **EU** procedures as negotiating levers, and collect economic concessions in exchange for a minimum of formal cooperation. The difference is that **Orbán** has refined that model over a decade — Fico applies it with less nuance.

That model has a limit: it works until the costs of isolation exceed the domestic political benefits. For **Orbán**, that moment has not yet arrived — partly because **Hungary** remains a critical gas transit country for **Central Europe**. For **Fico**, **Slovakia** holds fewer cards. Its position on Russian gas has weakened with the diversification of European supply routes. Its weight in **NATO** decisions is real, but not structurally irreplaceable. He is playing a game that may cost him more than it gains.

*The distinction Fico draws between "supporting peace" and "paying for war" is intellectually dishonest. Refusing to fund the defense of a country being invaded is funding the aggressor — by omission. There is a moral line there, and Fico crossed it deliberately.*

## Zelensky at Ankara: Ukraine is invited, but at what price

### Ukraine's presence at the NATO summit: symbol or decision

President **Volodymyr Zelensky** has been invited to the Ankara summit. His presence is symbolically powerful — it is a reminder that **Ukraine** is not an abstract foreign policy topic but a sovereign state at war, represented by a head of state who refused exile, who remains in his country, who names the dead and the living. But symbolism does not fund air defense systems. And Zelensky's presence in Ankara guarantees nothing if consensus does not form.

Every **NATO** summit since **2022** has tested the cohesion of the alliance. Each time, fractures were papered over at the last moment — sometimes by collective pressure, sometimes by isolating the holdouts. The risk in **July 2026** is that the fracture is too wide to close in time. That the final declaration is watered down. That the amount is reduced. That commitments remain vague. And that **Ukraine**, once again, leaves with less than it was promised.

### Ukraine facing promises that fade

Since the start of the full-scale invasion in **February 2022**, **Ukraine** has learned to distinguish promises from concrete commitments. The former are plentiful — the latter often arrive late, in reduced doses, with conditions attached. The **70 billion** Ankara package is a promise until it is signed. And even once signed, delivery timelines, national budget procedures, and parliamentary vote revisions transform large numbers into much more modest realities on the ground.

That cynicism is not Ukraine's doing — it is the conclusion recent history imposes. The **1994 Budapest Memorandum** promised security guarantees to Ukraine in exchange for its nuclear disarmament. Those guarantees had zero value in **2014**, then again in **2022**. Ukrainian mistrust of Western commitments is therefore not bad faith — it is a rational reading of history. What **Zelensky** comes to seek in **Ankara** is proof that this time, words are followed by action.

*Zelensky deserves better than attending a summit where one man can shut the door on him. He deserves an alliance that votes by qualified majority on collective security matters. That is not what he has. That is not what NATO is. And that is a structural problem no one dares name.*

## Fico's threat: drones, apartment buildings, World War Three

### Escalation rhetoric or geopolitical sincerity

In his **June 27** declaration, Fico issued a warning that deserves close reading: **"A drone will fly here, intentionally or unintentionally, fall on an apartment building, there will be deaths or injuries, and we could have World War Three on the table."** That sentence perfectly illustrates the fear-based mechanism Fico uses as political fuel. It is not entirely false — escalation risks exist. But it is deliberately maximized to paralyze debate.

Fico's argument amounts to saying: **because the worst is possible, no action is permissible**. That is a logic of paralysis that, applied to **Europe in 1938**, produces the outcome we know. The allies who funded the defense of **Poland** or **Czechoslovakia** were not provoking war — they were trying to prevent it. Fico inverts the argument: helping **Ukraine** would provoke war. That is a factual inversion that historians will be correcting long after Fico has left the stage.

*Fico's logic is that of a firefighter who refuses to approach the fire because he risks getting burned. Except that while he hesitates, it is his neighbor's house that burns. And tomorrow, it will be his own.*

## Growing isolation: Fico facing Europe

### Who still supports Fico within NATO

Within **NATO**, Fico's position is increasingly solitary. **Orbán** remains his only systematic ally, but **Hungary** is itself marginalized since **EU** sanctions in **2022–2024**. Other **Alliance** members, including historically cautious countries like the **Czech Republic** or **Poland**, have firmly backed **Ukraine**. The **Baltic states** — **Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania** — are contributing proportionally more to Ukraine's defense than most major European powers.

The question before Ankara is therefore: can **NATO** find a mechanism to bypass the Slovak veto while maintaining Bratislava's formal membership? Some diplomats are discussing **bilateral contributions outside the NATO framework**, ad hoc coalitions, or financing mechanisms going through the **EU** rather than the **Alliance**. That would be effective short-term, but it would weaken the very logic of **NATO consensus** in the long run.

*When an alliance has to work around one of its members to function, it is no longer an alliance — it is a coalition in disguise. That is not a rebuke to allies seeking solutions. It is an observation about what unanimity costs when it is turned into a weapon.*

## Slovakia in history: from resistance to ambiguity

### What Slovak memory says about this choice

**Slovakia** is a country that lived under Nazi occupation and then under Soviet domination for more than forty years. Its **2004** accession to **NATO** was not trivial — it was the culmination of a historic transition, the deliberate choice to anchor the country in the **democratic West**. Fico's current position does not erase that history, but it complicates it. Refusing to support a sovereign country under military aggression by **Russia**, in the name of theoretical neutrality, risks ending up on the wrong side of history — once again.

It must also be noted that **Slovakia** has significant economic ties with **Russia**, notably in the energy sector. Slovak companies were active in Russian gas import circuits that the **European Union** was working to reduce. Those economic interests are never named in Fico's speeches — but they structure his positions in ways that pacifist vocabulary alone does not explain.

*I do not want to judge Slovakia for its history — it has suffered enough to deserve nuance. But Fico does not represent Slovakia. He represents his electoral base and his political interests. That is a distinction diplomacy tends to forget in the urgency of summits.*

## The Trump test: what America's absence reveals

### Washington steps back, Europe inherits the problem

The absence of the **United States** from the **70-billion-euro** package is a major political fact that is not stressed enough. **Donald Trump** made the choice to disengage his country from the financing of European security — and that choice creates a vacuum that **Europe** must now fill alone. It is a structural transformation of **NATO** that did not happen through a formal vote, not through a treaty amendment, but through a succession of American unilateral decisions that have recalibrated the alliance without changing its charter.

In that context, Fico's position is not only a Slovak problem — it is a symptom of the systemic stress of **NATO** without American leadership. When **Washington** was pulling in the same direction as Berlin, Paris, and Warsaw, Bratislava could afford to drag its feet without decisive consequences. Now that **Washington** is looking elsewhere, every voice matters more — and every abstention costs more.

*Trump is a necessary evil for the West — it is a formula I have used, and stand by. But at Ankara, the necessary evil is absent from the table. It is Europe that will have to pay. And some, like Fico, refuse even that.*

## The 30,000 Russian dead per month: what Fico ignores

### The military context that pacifist rhetoric erases

While Fico debates mandates and contributions, the war continues at a deadly pace. A **senior NATO official**, speaking anonymously at an Alliance defense ministers meeting on **June 23, 2026**, confirmed that **Russia** is losing between **30,000 and 35,000 soldiers per month** — killed and wounded — in the Ukrainian conflict. Total losses since **February 24, 2022** would be between **1.3 and 1.5 million**, including approximately **500,000 killed**. The **Ukrainian General Staff** counted, as of **June 24, 2026**, a total of **1,395,790** Russian casualties.

Those figures — even accounting for margins of uncertainty — describe a total war of an intensity **Europe** had not seen since 1945. This is not a limited regional conflict. It is a historic bloodletting that **Russia** is inflicting on itself in an attempt to subjugate a people that refuses to be subjugated. Funding Ukrainian resistance in that context is not **"supporting the war"** as Fico claims — it is supporting the side trying to survive.

### What those figures imply for the conflict's duration

If **Russia** is losing between **30,000 and 35,000 soldiers per month** and its recruits are struggling to compensate that loss rate — the same **NATO** official noting that **new recruits have recently fallen below the monthly casualty rate** — that means the Russian human mass in **Ukraine** is structurally diminishing. That is an attrition calculation that most military analysts have been noting for months. **Russia** can partially compensate with mercenary soldier contracts, recruits from occupied territories, North Korean soldiers. But those compensations have limits.

That macabre arithmetic has one single strategic lesson: time works, on paper, in **Ukraine's** favor — if and only if **Western allies** maintain their support in equipment and funding. That is precisely why the **Ankara 70-billion package** is not symbolic. It is one of the decisive variables that will determine whether the attrition dynamic remains favorable to **Kyiv** over the next eighteen months. And that is why Fico's refusal is not trivial — it directly attacks that variable.

*When you set the 30,000 Russian dead per month against the Slovak refusal to contribute to 70 billion euros of collective defense, there is a moral disproportion I do not know how to express other than as institutionalized cowardice.*

## The dangerous precedent: what NATO allows by letting Fico act

### The implications for future crises

If Fico succeeds in blocking or diluting the Ankara support package without consequences for his position within **NATO**, he sets a precedent. He demonstrates that a member state can withdraw from collective security commitments in the name of domestic politics without paying any diplomatic cost. Tomorrow, another country — in a different crisis, facing a different enemy — will repeat the Fico model. **NATO** will become an alliance where consensus means the weakest link controls the chain.

There is a structural solution to that problem: adopt **qualified majority voting** for collective financial support decisions, as the **European Union** has done for certain sanctions decisions. That is not on the Ankara agenda — but the fact that it cannot even be discussed without risking a Slovak veto illustrates exactly the extent of the problem. The unanimity rule, designed to protect small states, has become the weapon of states that do not play by the rules.

*NATO was built on the idea that collective security is indivisible. Fico says the opposite: my security is for sale at the price of yours. If no one formally corrects him at Ankara, the foundational idea of the alliance becomes one more fiction.*

## Rutte, Zelensky and the allies: the strategy of diplomatic encirclement

### How to isolate Bratislava without pushing it toward the exit

**NATO** diplomats have spent weeks working on a strategy to minimize the impact of the Slovak position. The most likely option is a mechanism of **bilateral contributions outside the NATO process** — state-to-state commitments, outside a joint declaration — that would allow willing members to reach the **70-billion-euro** threshold without needing Slovakia. That would be technically effective but symbolically devaluing for the alliance.

Another option: diplomatically isolate Bratislava visibly, explicitly attributing to **Slovakia** the responsibility for the absence of consensus. That is risky — it could accelerate Fico's rapprochement with **Orbán** and consolidate a Budapest-Bratislava axis of open obstruction. The ideal solution would be to convince Fico before the summit. But Fico has already publicly announced his position — backing down would cost him politically. He is trapped in his own rhetoric.

*That is the tragedy of politicians who confuse posture and strategy. Fico declared before negotiating. He has no more room to maneuver. That is not firmness — it is rigidity. And NATO summits punish rigidity with isolation.*

## What this means for Ukraine concretely

### Delivery delays, ammunition shortages, lives at stake

**Ukraine** needs ammunition, air defense systems, spare parts for its armored vehicles, drone jamming systems. Those needs are documented, quantified, urgent. The **70-billion-euro** Ankara package is not abstract aid — it is the euro translation of decisions that will directly determine whether Ukrainian soldiers have the tools to survive the coming months of combat. Every billion delayed, every extended negotiation to bypass a veto, creates delivery delays with measurable human consequences.

The Ukrainian government will not say this publicly in those terms — diplomacy requires restraint. But the figures are there: **1,260 Russian soldiers lost per day** according to the Ukrainian General Staff as of **June 24, 2026**, dozens of towns and villages struck every night, anti-drone systems intercepting **Shahed** drones but wearing out. The question is not philosophical. It is material. And **Fico**, by blocking funding, is concretely choosing his side.

### Air defense systems: the absolute priority

Among all of Ukraine's material needs, **air defense systems** remain the absolute priority that every military expert agrees to name. **Ukraine** faces near-daily waves of Russian **Shahed drones** that saturate its defenses and deplete its stocks of intercept missiles. In the night of **June 22–23, 2026**, **118 Shahed drones out of 135** were shot down — a remarkable intercept rate, but one that still allows **17 drones** to reach their targets. At that tempo, attrition is inevitable if resupply does not keep pace.

The **Patriot**, **IRIS-T**, and **NASAMS** systems provided by allies have transformed Ukraine's defensive capability — but they require costly munitions, spare parts, continuous maintenance. The funding pledged at **Ankara** should directly feed those logistics flows. A six-month delay in deliveries can translate, concretely, into dozens of additional buildings destroyed, hundreds of additional civilians wounded or killed. The numbers from the night of **June 22** — five dead, twenty-nine wounded in a single night — illustrate exactly that human cost.

*I think of Ukrainian soldiers when I write this. Not abstractly — of the men and women holding a line, who are cold or hot depending on the season, who are waiting for equipment. What Fico does at Ankara has consequences for them. The distance between Slovak rhetoric and Ukrainian trenches is obscene.*

## The mandate question: democracy or personal veto

### Does Fico speak for Slovakia or for himself

**Robert Fico** announced he would coordinate with his Defense Minister to **ensure** the delegation arrives without a mandate. That is a government decision — but it deliberately bypasses parliamentary debate. The Slovak parliament was not consulted on that position. The opposition, including figures such as **Peter Magyar**, holds different positions on support for **Ukraine**. Slovak civil society is divided. Fico's position is presented as the voice of **Slovakia** — but it is in reality the voice of his government, of a coalition, of a very partial reading of what Slovak citizens want.

That point deserves to be raised because it changes the nature of the problem. If it is the **Slovak people** who collectively refuse to contribute to Ukrainian security, that is a sovereign democratic choice — and diplomacy must treat it as such. If it is a prime minister imposing his line without a clear democratic mandate, publicly announcing it in advance to lock down debate, that is something else. It is a capture of national representation in service of a personal political strategy. Those two things do not have the same moral value.

*I do not know what Slovakia truly thinks about Ukraine. I know what Fico thinks. And the two are not necessarily the same. That distinction, in the fracas of a NATO summit, is often lost.*

## Ankara 2026: a summit that will tell us whether NATO still exists

### The real test: the final figure and concrete commitments

On **July 7–8, 2026** in Ankara, **NATO** will not only be testing its solidarity toward **Ukraine**. It will be testing whether it is still capable of acting collectively on existential security questions in the absence of American leadership. If the **70-billion-euro** package is adopted — even by working around Slovakia — that will demonstrate real institutional resilience. If the figure is reduced, commitments made vague, timelines stretched, the alliance sends a signal of weakness that **Moscow** — and **Beijing**, and **Tehran**, and **Pyongyang** — will read carefully.

The real fault line is not between **NATO** and **Russia**. It has been, since 2022, inside **NATO** itself — between members who believe collective security requires concrete sacrifices and those who hope that others' sacrifices will be enough to protect them. Fico represents the second category with a consistency one must at least acknowledge. But consistency in error is still error.

*Ankara will be the test. Not for Ukraine — Kyiv has survived for four years despite betrayals and delays. For **NATO** itself. To find out whether the alliance still has a backbone when no one holds it straight from the outside.*

## Conclusion: the mandate not given and history that judges

### What Fico chooses to inscribe in the history books

**Robert Fico** will arrive in Ankara with a no in his pocket. That no is not a peace position — it is a void where a decision should be. History will judge political leaders who, at the moment of Russia's invasion of **Ukraine**, chose to count their euros rather than the dead. It is not gentle with those calculations. **Slovakia** had its own Munich men in **1938** — people who believed that conceding would satisfy the aggressor. The analogy is not perfect. But it is uncomfortable, and that is exactly why it must be made.

### What the Ankara summit must produce to matter

For the **Ankara** summit to count, it must produce: a firm and credible figure, concrete delivery mechanisms, multi-year commitments that give **Ukraine** visibility over its supply chain. If those three elements are present — even without **Slovakia**, even bypassing Fico's veto — the summit will have demonstrated that **NATO** can function under constraint. That is the minimum **Ukraine** deserves. It is also the minimum that **Western** credibility demands.

*I do not know whether Ankara will produce that minimum. I hope so. But I know that if this summit fails because of one man who refuses to play by the collective rules, we will all have lost something not easily recovered.*

**By Maxime Marquette, columnist**

## Columnist's transparency note

### Editorial stance

I am not a journalist but a **columnist and analyst**. My expertise lies in observing and analysing the geopolitical, economic and strategic dynamics that shape our world. My work is to take political strategies apart, to understand global economic movements, to put the decisions of international actors in context and to offer analytical perspectives on the changes that are redefining our societies.

I do not claim the cold objectivity of traditional journalism, which stops at reporting facts. **I claim analytical clarity**, rigorous interpretation and a deep understanding of the complex issues that concern us all. My role is to give meaning to the facts, to place them in their historical and strategic context, and to offer a critical reading of events.

### Method and sources

This text keeps the basic distinction between **verified facts and interpretive analysis**. The rule never changes: a factual claim is published only when a verifiable source supports it, and the sources this article actually used are listed under **Sources**, never here.

**Primary source families** used by the publication, when the story has them: official statements from governments and international institutions, public statements by political leaders, reports from intergovernmental organisations, dispatches from recognised international news agencies.

**Secondary source families**: specialised publications, internationally recognised news media, analyses from established research institutions, reports from industry organisations.

When an article cites statistical, economic or geopolitical data, it comes from the institutions that produce it (intergovernmental organisations, central banks, national statistics offices), and the exact institution is named under **Sources**.

### Nature of the analysis

The analyses, interpretations and perspectives in the analytical sections of this article are a **critical, contextual synthesis** based on the information available, the trends observed and the expert comments cited in the sources consulted.

My role is to interpret these facts, to set them in the context of today's geopolitical and economic dynamics, and to give them a coherent meaning within the larger story of the changes shaping our time. These analyses reflect expertise built through continuous observation of international affairs and an understanding of the strategic mechanisms that drive global actors.

This article describes a documented state of affairs on its publication date, not a prediction: later developments may shift its outlook. No update is promised in advance; when an article is corrected or completed, the change is dated in the text.

## Sources

### Primary sources

- [Kyiv Independent — Slovakia will not pledge aid to Ukraine at NATO summit, Fico says — 2026-06-27](https://kyivindependent.com/slovakia-will-not-pledge-aid-to-ukraine-at-nato-summit-fico-says/)

- [Militarnyi — Senior NATO Official: Russia's Total Casualties Reach 1.3–1.5 Million — 2026-06-23](https://militarnyi.com/en/news/nato-official-russia-casualties-war-ukraine/)

- [Kyiv Independent — General Staff: Russia has lost 1,395,790 troops in Ukraine — 2026-06-24](https://kyivindependent.com/general-staff-russia-has-lost-1-395-790-troops-in-ukraine-since-feb-24-2022/)

### Secondary sources

- [Ukrainska Pravda — EU and Ukraine: Fico blocks progress again — 2026-06-26](https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/06/26/8041233/)

- [EuroMaidan Press — Hungary again blocks Ukraine's EU accession — 2026-06-24](https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/06/24/back-to-business-hungary-again-blocks-ukraines-eu-accession-kyivs-mid-july-deadline-now-at-risk/)

- [EuroMaidan Press — Hungary stalls EU move on Ukraine membership — 2026-06-23](https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/06/23/hungary-again-stalls-key-eu-move-on-ukraine-and-moldova-membership-negotiations/)

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Source: Maxime Marquette, MadMax. When citing, name the author and link https://mad-max.co/en/article/chronique-fico-a-ankara-sans-mandat-la-solidarite-otan-a-l-epreuve-d-un-seul-hom